xVote: Electronic Voting Ballot Secrecy

The Problem

Electronic voting systems require trust in election authorities to maintain ballot secrecy. No cryptographic guarantee currently prevents individual vote exposure by a compromised authority.

Traditional e-voting systems store complete ballots on centralized servers. Election administrators, database operators, and system vendors all have theoretical access to individual voting records. Even with encryption, the decryption key typically resides with a single entity or small trusted group.

Paper ballots offer physical anonymity but cannot scale. Digital systems offer scalability but sacrifice the mathematical guarantee of secrecy. The challenge is preserving ballot secrecy with a cryptographic guarantee while enabling accurate, auditable tallying.

The Old Way

The PRIVATE.ME Solution

XorIDA splits each ballot into N shares distributed across independent election authorities. Tallying requires K-of-N cooperation. Individual vote secrecy is information-theoretically guaranteed.

Each ballot is split at the voter's device before leaving the client. No complete ballot ever traverses the network or exists on any server. Election authorities receive shares that individually reveal zero information about the voter's choices.

Built-in duplicate vote detection uses deterministic voter identifiers (derived from registration credentials) to prevent double-voting without linking votes to identities. The tally phase reconstructs ballots only in aggregate, never individually.

The New Way

How It Works

The ballot secrecy pipeline ensures that no complete ballot ever leaves the voter's device. Tallying is performed through threshold reconstruction with cryptographic audit trails.

Use Cases

Integration

import { castBallot, tallyVotes } from '@private.me/ballotsplit';

// Cast a ballot split across 3 authorities (2 needed)
const receipt = await castBallot(ballot, authorities, {
  n: 3,
  k: 2,
});

// Voter receives cryptographic receipt
console.log(receipt.verificationCode);

// Tally with threshold cooperation
const results = await tallyVotes({
  authorities: [authorities[0], authorities[2]],
  electionId: '2026-board-vote',
});

Security Properties

Cryptographic Proof of Correctness

This ACI's computations can be cryptographically verified by xProve — so regulators, auditors, and counterparties can confirm results without re-running the computation or accessing the underlying data.

Ready to deploy xVote?

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Ship Proofs, Not Source

xVote generates cryptographic proofs of correct execution without exposing proprietary algorithms. Verify integrity using zero-knowledge proofs — no source code required.

Use Cases